Conditional tenses are used to
speculate about what could happen, what might have happened, and what we wish
would happen. In English, most sentences using the conditional contain the word
if. Many conditional forms in English are used in sentences that include verbs
in one of the past tenses. This usage is referred to as "the unreal
past" because we use a past tense but we are not actually referring to
something that happened in the past. There are five main ways of constructing
conditional sentences in English. In all cases, these sentences are made up of
an if clause and a main clause. In many negative conditional sentences, there
is an equivalent sentence construction using "unless" instead of
"if".
|
Conditional
Sentence
Type
|
Usage
|
If clause verb tense
|
Main clause verb tense
|
|
Type 1
|
A possible condition and
Its probable result
|
Simple present
|
Simple future
|
|
Type 2
|
A hypothetical condition and its
probable result
|
Simple past
|
Present conditional or present
continous conditional
|
|
Type 3
|
An unreal past condition and its
probable result in the past
|
Past perfect
|
Perfect conditional
|
TYPE 1 CONDITIONAL
The type 1 conditional is used to
refer to the present or future where the situation is real. The type 1
conditional refers to a possible condition and its probable result. In these
sentences the if clause is in the simple present, and the main clause is in the
simple future.
Form: if + Simple Present,
will-Future
Example :
- If I have enough money, I will buy a car.
- If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
- If he doesn’t hurry, he will late.
TYPE 2 CONDITIONAL
The type 2 conditional is used to
refer to a time that is now or any time, and a situation that is unreal. These
sentences are not based on fact. The type 2 conditional is used to refer to a
hypothetical condition and its probable result. In type 2 conditional
sentences, the if clause uses the simple past,
and the main clause uses the
present conditional.
Form: if + Simple Past,
Conditional I (= would + Infinitive)
Example :
- If i lost my wallet, i would not buy this guitar.
- If they had not enough skill, they would not win this game.
- If you passed the exam, you would not miss this class
TYPE 3 CONDITIONAL
The type 3 conditional is used to
refer to a time that is in the past, and a situation that is contrary to
reality. The facts they are based on are the opposite of what is expressed. The
type 3 conditional is used to refer to an unreal past condition and its
probable past result. In type 3 conditional sentences, the if clause uses the
past perfect, and the main clause uses the perfect conditional.
Form: if + Past Perfect,
Conditional II (= would + have + Past Participle)
Example :
- If the weather is nice tomorrow, we would have played football.
- If I had accepted that invitation, I would have gone to the party.
- If you had found her bracelet, you would not have given her a new bracelet .
Sumber :
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https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences
